Pure, "elemental" phosphorus (P) is rare. These include soil and rocks, wastewater treatment plants, runoff from fertilized lawns and cropland, failing septic systems, runoff from animal manure storage areas, disturbed land areas, drained wetlands, water treatment, and commercial cleaning preparations. There are many sources of phosphorus, both natural and human. Since phosphorus is the nutrient in short supply in most fresh waters, even a modest increase in phosphorus can, under the right conditions, set off a whole chain of undesirable events in a stream including accelerated plant growth, algae blooms, low dissolved oxygen, and the death of certain fish, invertebrates, and other aquatic animals. If the concentration of the original stock solution was 100 µg/µL, the concentration in Tube 4 would beġ00 µg/µL × #1/160000# = 6.Both phosphorus and nitrogen are essential nutrients for the plants and animals that make up the aquatic food web. The dilution factor after four dilutions is Repeat the process until you have four tubes. Then transfer 0.2 mL from Tube 2 to 3.8 mL of diluent in Tube 3 and mix. You would transfer 0.2 mL from Tube 1 to 3.8 mL of diluent in Tube 2 and mix. So you multiply each successive dilution by the dilution factor. Remember that serial dilutions are always made by taking a set quantity of the initial dilution and adding it successively to tubes with the same volume. If you did the above dilution four times, what would be the final dilution factor? What is the dilution factor if you add 0.2 mL of a stock solution to 3.8 mL of diluent? The dilution factor or the dilution is the initial volume divided by the final volume.įor example, if you add a 1 mL sample to 9 mL of diluent to get 10 mL of solution, In serial dilutions, you multiply the dilution factors for each step. A serial dilution is any dilution in which the concentration decreases by the same factor in each successive step.
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